C code

C Aptitude Questions and answers with explanation.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
C Aptitude 1
C program aptitude questions, answers and explanation for interview preparations.
In this site, We discussed various type of C programs, now we are moving into further steps by looking at the c aptitude questions.
This questions and answers are helpful to freshers and job hunters. C interview questions are from various companies and experts.
Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition). by K and R.
Predict the output or error(s) for the following:

C aptitude 1.1

void main()
{
            int  const * p=5;
            printf("%d",++(*p));
}

Answer: Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value.

Explanation: p is a pointer to a “constant integer”. But we tried to change the value of the “constant integer”.

C aptitude 1.2

main()
{
            char s[ ]="man";
            int i;
            for(i=0;s[ i ];i++)
            printf("n%c%c%c%c",s[ i ],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]);
}


Answer: mmmm aaaa nnnn

Explanation: s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea. Generally array name is the base address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the index number/displacement from the base address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i]. i[s] may be surprising. But in the case of C it is same as s[i].

C aptitude 1.3

 main()
{
            float me = 1.1;
            double you = 1.1;
            if(me==you)
              printf("I love U");
             else
                        printf("I hate U");
}


Answer: I hate U

Explanation: For floating point numbers (float, double, long double) the values cannot be predicted exactly. Depending on the number of bytes, the precession with of the value represented varies. Float takes 4 bytes and long double takes 10 bytes. So float stores 0.9 with less precision than long double. Rule of Thumb: Never compare or at-least be cautious when using floating point numbers with relational operators (== , >, <, <=, >=,!= ) . 

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C program to demonstrate assert macro.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C program to demonstrate assert macro.
assert macro defined in assert.h library. assert is mainly used for debugging. assert function checks the conditions at run time, and program executes only if the assert is true otherwise program aborts and shows the error message.
Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition). by K and R. 

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
    int num1, num2;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter two numbers:nn");
    scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);
    assert(num2 != 0);
    printf("%d/%d = %.2fn", num1, num2, num1/(float)num2);
    return 0;
}
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C program to implement SJF algorithm.

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Write a C program to implement SJF algorithm.
Shortest Job First(SJF) is the CPU scheduling algorithm. In SJF, if the CPU is available it allocates the process which has smallest burst time, if the two process are same burst time it uses FCFS algorithm.Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) by K and R. 

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***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
    int i,j,n,brust_time[10],start_time[10],end_time[10],wait_time[10],temp,tot;
    float avg;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter the No. of jobs:nn");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        printf("n n Enter %d process burst time:n",i);
        scanf("%d",&brust_time[i]);
    }
    
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
        {
            if(brust_time[i]>brust_time[j])
            {
                temp=brust_time[i];
                brust_time[i]=brust_time[j];
                brust_time[j]=temp;
            }
        }
        
        if(i==1)
        {
            start_time[1]=0;
            end_time[1]=brust_time[1];
            wait_time[1]=0;
        }
        
        else
        {
            start_time[i]=end_time[i-1];
            end_time[i]=start_time[i]+brust_time[i];
            wait_time[i]=start_time[i];
        }
    }
    printf("nn BURST TIME t STARTING TIME t END TIME t   WAIT TIMEn");
    printf("n ********************************************************n");
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        printf("n %5d %15d %15d %15d",brust_time[i],start_time[i],end_time[i],wait_time[i]);
    }
    printf("n ********************************************************n");
    for(i=1,tot=0;i<=n;i++)
    tot+=wait_time[i];
    avg=(float)tot/n;
    printf("nnn AVERAGE WAITING TIME=%f",avg);
    for(i=1,tot=0;i<=n;i++)
    tot+=end_time[i];
    avg=(float)tot/n;
    printf("nn AVERAGE TURNAROUND TIME=%f",avg);
    for(i=1,tot=0;i<=n;i++)
    tot+=start_time[i];
    avg=(float)tot/n;
    printf("nn AVERAGE RESPONSE TIME=%fnn",avg);
    getch();
}
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C program to Encrypt and Decrypt a password

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
C Strings:
Write a C program to Encryption and Decryption of password.
In this program we encrypt the given string by subtracting the hex value from it. Password encryption is required for the security reason, You can use so many functions like hash or other keys to encrypt. Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition). by K and R. 

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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
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* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void encrypt(char password[],int key)
{
    unsigned int i;
    for(i=0;i<strlen(password);++i)
    {
        password[i] = password[i] - key;
    }
}

void decrypt(char password[],int key)
{
    unsigned int i;
    for(i=0;i<strlen(password);++i)
    {
        password[i] = password[i] + key;
    }
}
int main()
{
    char password[20] ;
    printf("Enter the password: n ");
    scanf("%s",password);
    printf("Passwrod     = %sn",password);
    encrypt(password,0xFACA);
    printf("Encrypted value = %sn",password);
    decrypt(password,0xFACA);
    printf("Decrypted value = %sn",password);
    return 0;
}
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C Program to solve the producer consumer problem

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Write a C Program to solve the producer consumer problem with two processes using semaphores.
Producer-consumer problem is the standard example of multiple process synchronization problem. The problem occurs when concurrently producer and consumer tries to fill the data and pick the data when it is full or empty. producer consumer problem is also known as bounded-buffer problem. In this program We use the semaphores, to solve the problem.Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) by K and R. 

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***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>


#define NUM_LOOPS 20
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int sem_set_id;
    union semun sem_val;
    int child_pid;
    int i;
    struct sembuf sem_op;
    int rc;
    struct timespec delay;
    
    
    sem_set_id = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 1, 0600);
    if (sem_set_id == -1) {
        perror("main: semget");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("Semaphore set created,
    semaphore set id '%d'.n", sem_set_id);
    
    
    sem_val.val = 0;
    rc = semctl(sem_set_id, 0, SETVAL, sem_val);
    child_pid = fork();
    switch (child_pid) {
        case -1:
        perror("fork");
        exit(1);
        case 0:
        for (i=0; i<NUM_LOOPS; i++) {
            sem_op.sem_num = 0;
            sem_op.sem_op = -1;
            sem_op.sem_flg = 0;
            semop(sem_set_id, &sem_op, 1);
            printf("consumer: '%d'n", i);
            fflush(stdout);
            sleep(3);
        }
        break;
        default:
        for (i=0; i<NUM_LOOPS; i++)
        {
            printf("producer: '%d'n", i);
            fflush(stdout);
            sem_op.sem_num = 0;
            sem_op.sem_op = 1;
            sem_op.sem_flg = 0;
            semop(sem_set_id, &sem_op, 1);
            sleep(2);
            if (rand() > 3*(RAND_MAX/4))
            {
                delay.tv_sec = 0;
                delay.tv_nsec = 10;
                nanosleep(&delay, NULL);
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    
    
    return 0;
}
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C Program to check matrix is magic square or not

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli

Write a c program to check whether the given matrix is a magic square matrix or not.

A matrix is magic square matrix, if all rows sum, columns sum and diagonals sum are equal.

Example:
8   1   6
3   5   7
4   9   2

is the magic square matrix. As you can see numbers in first row add up to 15 (8 + 1 + 6), so do the numbers of 2nd row 3 + 5 + 7. Also the number in the last row 4 + 9 + 2. Similarly, the columns all add up to the same number 15. Hence, this matrix is a magic square matrix.

The Program

#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int A[50][50];
int i, j, M, N;
int size;
int rowsum, columnsum, diagonalsum;
int magic = 0;
printf("Enter the order of the matrix:\n");
scanf("%d %d", &M, &N);
if(M==N) {
printf("Enter the elements of matrix \n");
for(i=0; i<M; i++) {
for(j=0; j<N; j++) {
scanf("%d", &A[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n\nMATRIX is\n");
for(i=0; i<M; i++) {
for(j=0; j<N; j++) {
printf("%3d\t", A[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
// calculate diagonal sum
diagonalsum = 0;
for(i=0; i<M; i++) {
for(j=0; j<N; j++) {
if(i==j) {
diagonalsum = diagonalsum + A[i][j];
}
}
}
// calculate row sum
for(i=0; i<M; i++) {
rowsum = 0;
for(j=0; j<N; j++) {
rowsum = rowsum + A[i][j];
}
if(rowsum != diagonalsum) {
printf("\nGiven matrix is not a magic square");
return;
}
}
// calculate column sum
for(i=0; i<M; i++) {
columnsum = 0;
for(j=0; j<N; j++) {
columnsum = columnsum + A[j][i];
}
if(columnsum != diagonalsum) {
printf("\nGiven matrix is not a magic square");
return;
}
}
printf("\nGiven matrix is a magic square matrix");
} else {
printf("\n\nPlease enter the square matrix order(m=n) \n\n");
}
}
view raw magic_square.c hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Sample Output

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C Program to demonstrate strspn function.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C Program to demonstrate strspn function.
The strspn() function returns the index of the first character in string1 that doesn’t match any character in string2. If all the characters of the string2 matched with the string1, strspn returns the length of the string1. Read more about C Programming Language .

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* programs for commercial purposes,
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***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
    int spn;
    char str1[] = "1234hjbcde09i";
    char str2[] = "12345";
    char str3[] = "a12d3456fd";
    char char_list[] = "1234567890";
    clrscr();
    //It returns 4
    spn = strspn (str1,char_list);
    printf ("nnThe length of the initial numbers for str1 is %d.n",spn);
    
    //It returns 5
    spn = strspn (str2,char_list);
    printf ("nThe length of the initial numbers for str2 is %d.n",spn);
    
    //It returns 0
    spn = strspn (string3,char_list);
    printf ("nThe length of the initial numbers for string3 is %d.n",spn);
    return 0;
}

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C program to replace the sub string with another string.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
C Strings:
Write a C program to replace the sub string in a string with another string.
In this program, We replace string with another string, if the entered string is the sub string of main string, otherwise function replace_str returns the original string as it is. Read more about C Programming Language . 

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***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

char *replace_str(char *str, char *orig, char *rep)
{
    static char buffer[4096];
    char *p;
    
    if(!(p = strstr(str, orig)))
    return str;
    
    strncpy(buffer, str, p-str);
    buffer[p-str] = '';
    
    sprintf(buffer+(p-str), "%s%s", rep, p+strlen(orig));
    
    return buffer;
}

int main(void)
{
    char str[100],str1[50],str2[50];
    printf("Enter a one line string..n");
    gets(str);
    printf("Enter the sub string to be replaced..n");
    gets(str1);
    printf("Enter the replacing string....n");
    gets(str2);
    puts(replace_str(str, str1, str2));
    
    return 0;
}
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C Program to find all the permutations of a given string.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a c program to find all the permutations of a given string.
Example: If the given string is sam, output is,
sam
sma
msa
mas
asm
ams.
Read more about C Programming Language . 

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* programs for commercial purposes,
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*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void swap (char *x, char *y)
{
    char temp;
    temp = *x;
    *x = *y;
    *y = temp;
}

void permute(char *a, int i, int n)
{
    int j;
    if (i == n)
    printf("%sn", a);
    else
    {
        for (j = i; j <= n; j++)
        {
            swap((a+i), (a+j));
            permute(a, i+1, n);
            swap((a+i), (a+j));
        }
    }
}


int main()
{
    char str[80] ;
    int len=0,i;
    puts("Enter a string:nn");
    gets(str);
    for (i=0; str[i] != ''; i++)
    {
        len++;
    }
    permute(str, 0, len);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}
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C Program to find the position of a sub string.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
C Strings:
C Program to find the position of a sub string in a given string.
In this program, We find the position of a sub string where it starts  in the main string. Read more about C Programming Language . 

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* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
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* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
main()
  {
    char firststr[30], substr[10];
    char *secondstr, *thirdstr;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter any string");
    scanf("%s",firststr); 
    printf("Enter sub string");
    scanf("%s",substr); 
    secondstr=firststr;
    thirdstr=substr;
    i=substr(secondstr, thirdstr);
    printf("nn");
    if(i!=-1)
      printf("The starting location/position of substring in main string: %d", i;
    else
       printf("String not found");
       getch();
   } 
  

  int substr(secondstr, thirdstr)
    
{
  char *secondstr, *thirdstr;

  int j=0,l=0;
  static int k;
    if(*second==*third)
      {
        while(i<strlen(third))
         {
           if(*second==*third)
           k=j+1;
           else
             k+=1;
             l++;
          }
  third++;
  second++;
   }
 second++;
 j++;

if(k!=0)
  return(k);
else
return(-1);
} 
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