C program to demonstrate ceil function.

Posted on April 3, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

Write a C program to demonstrate ceil function.ceil is in the C math.h library.
ceil function rounds up the smallest next integral value.
Example:ceil(2.0) is 2.0
ceil(2.1) is 3.0
ceil(2.2) is 3.0
—
—
ceil(2.9) is 3.0
Read more about C Programming Language.

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/




#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
    double number, result;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter a number to round it upn");
    scanf("%lf",&number);
    
    result = ceil(number);
    
    printf("nOriginal number =  %lfn", number);
    printf("nNumber rounded up = %lfn", result);
    getch();
    return 0;
}

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C program to draw a circle using c graphics.

Posted on April 3, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

Write C program to draw a circle using c graphics.
In this program we use the graphics.h library function to draw a circle. To use graphics.h, we have to install the drivers in to the the system by using the initgraph() function. In the program circle is the graphic function , which takes three parameters, first two are co-ordinates and the third one is the radius of the circle. Read more about C Programming Language.

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <graphics.h>

main()
{
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\TC\BGI");
    
    circle(25, 25, 100);
    
    getch();
    closegraph();
    return 0;
}

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C Program to compute the difference between two dates.

Posted on April 2, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

Write a C program to compute the difference between two dates.In this C Program, We check the date is valid or not and then calculating the No. of days of first date and second date from Jan 1 of first date, then subtract the smaller date from another. Read more about C Programming Language .

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
    int day1,mon1,year1,day2,mon2,year2;
    int ref,dd1,dd2,i;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter first date  day, month, yearn");
    scanf("%d%d%d",&day1,&mon1,&year1);
    printf("Enter second date day, month, yearn");
    scanf("%d%d%d",&day2,&mon2,&year2);
    ref = year1;
    if(year2<year1)
    ref = year2;
    dd1=0;
    dd1=dater(mon1);
    for(i=ref;i<year1;i++)
    {
        if(i%4==0)
        dd1+=1;
    }
    dd1=dd1+day1+(year1-ref)*365;
    dd2=0;
    for(i=ref;i<year2;i++)
    {
        if(i%4==0)
        dd2+=1;
    }
    dd2=dater(mon2)+dd2+day2+((year2-ref)*365);
    printf("nn Difference between the two dates is %d days",abs(dd2-dd1));
    
    getch();
}




int dater(x)
{ int y=0;
    switch(x)
    {
        case 1: y=0; break;
        case 2: y=31; break;
        case 3: y=59; break;
        case 4: y=90; break;
        case 5: y=120;break;
        case 6: y=151; break;
        case 7: y=181; break;
        case 8: y=212; break;
        case 9: y=243; break;
        case 10:y=273; break;
        case 11:y=304; break;
        case 12:y=334; break;
        default: printf("Invalid Inputnnnn"); exit(1);
    }
    return(y);
}

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C program to replace the sub string with another string.

Posted on April 2, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

C Strings:
Write a C program to replace the sub string in a string with another string.
In this program, We replace string with another string, if the entered string is the sub string of main string, otherwise function replace_str returns the original string as it is. Read more about C Programming Language .

/***********************************************************
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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
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* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

char *replace_str(char *str, char *orig, char *rep)
{
    static char buffer[4096];
    char *p;
    
    if(!(p = strstr(str, orig)))
    return str;
    
    strncpy(buffer, str, p-str);
    buffer[p-str] = '';
    
    sprintf(buffer+(p-str), "%s%s", rep, p+strlen(orig));
    
    return buffer;
}

int main(void)
{
    char str[100],str1[50],str2[50];
    printf("Enter a one line string..n");
    gets(str);
    printf("Enter the sub string to be replaced..n");
    gets(str1);
    printf("Enter the replacing string....n");
    gets(str2);
    puts(replace_str(str, str1, str2));
    
    return 0;
}

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C Program to find all the permutations of a given string.

Posted on April 1, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

Write a c program to find all the permutations of a given string.
Example: If the given string is sam, output is,
sam
sma
msa
mas
asm
ams.
Read more about C Programming Language .

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
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* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

# include<stdio.h>
# include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void swap (char *x, char *y)
{
    char temp;
    temp = *x;
    *x = *y;
    *y = temp;
}

void permute(char *a, int i, int n)
{
    int j;
    if (i == n)
    printf("%sn", a);
    else
    {
        for (j = i; j <= n; j++)
        {
            swap((a+i), (a+j));
            permute(a, i+1, n);
            swap((a+i), (a+j));
        }
    }
}


int main()
{
    char str[80] ;
    int len=0,i;
    puts("Enter a string:nn");
    gets(str);
    for (i=0; str[i] != ''; i++)
    {
        len++;
    }
    permute(str, 0, len);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

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C Program to implement Simpson method.

Posted on March 31, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

Write a C Program to implement Simpson method.
Simpson method is used for approximating integral of the function.
Simpson’s rule also corresponds to the 3-point Newton-Cotes quadrature rule.
In this program, We use the stack to implement the Simpson method. Read more about C Programming Language .

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* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
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* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

char post_fix[80];

float stack[80];

char stack1[80];

int top=-1,top1=-1;

float eval(char post_fix[], float x1);

void infix_post_fix(char infix[]);

main()

{
    
    float x0, xn, h, s,e1,e2, e3;
    
    char exp[80], arr[80];
    
    int i,n,l=0;
    
    clrscr();
    
    printf("nEnter an expression: nn");
    
    gets(exp);
    
    puts("nnEnter x0, xn and number of sub-intervals: nn");
    
    scanf("%f%f%d", &x0, &xn, &n);
    
    h=(xn-x0)/n;
    
    if(exp[0]=='l'&& exp[1]=='o'&& exp[2]=='g')
    
    {
        
        l=strlen(exp);
        
        for(i=0;i<l-3; i++)
        
        arr[0]=exp[i+3];
        
        arr[i]=";
        
        infix_post_fix(arr);
        
        e1=eval(post_fix,x0);
        
        e2=eval(post_fix,xn);
        
        e3=4*eval(post_fix, x0+h);
        
        s=log(e1)+log(e2)+log(e3);
        
        for (i=3;i<=n-1;i+=2)
        
        s+=4*eval(post_fix,x0+i*h)+2*eval(post_fix, x0+(i-1)*h);
        
    }
    
    else
    
    {
        
        infix_post_fix(exp);
        
        s=eval(post_fix,x0)+eval(post_fix,xn)+4*eval(post_fix, x0+h);
        
        for (i=3;i<=n-1;i+=2)
        
        s+=4*eval(post_fix,x0+i*h)+2*eval(post_fix, x0+(i-1)*h);
        
    }
    
    printf("nnThe value of integral is %6.3fn",(h/3)*s);
    
    return(0);
    
}

/*Inserting the operands in a stack. */

void push(float item)

{
    
    if(top==99)
    
    {
        
        printf("ntThe stack is full");
        
        getch();
        
        exit(0);
        
    }
    
    else
    
    {
        
        top++;
        
        stack[top]=item;
        
    }
    
    return;
    
}

/*Removing the operands from a stack. */

float pop()

{
    
    float item;
    
    if(top==-1)
    
    {
        
        printf("ntThe stack is emptynt");
        
        getch();
        
    }
    
    item=stack[top];
    
    top–;
    
    return (item);
    
}

void push1(char item)

{
    
    if(top1==79)
    
    {
        
        printf("ntThe stack is full");
        
        getch();
        
        exit(0);
        
    }
    
    else
    
    {
        
        top1++;
        
        stack1[top1]=item;
        
    }
    
    return;
    
}

/*Removing the operands from a stack. */

char pop1()

{
    
    char item;
    
    if(top1==-1)
    
    {
        
        printf("ntThe stack1 is emptynt");
        
        getch();
        
    }
    
    item=stack1[top1];
    
    top1–-;
    
    return (item);
    
}

/*Converting an infix expression to a postfix expression. */

void infix_post_fix(char infix[])

{
    
    int i=0,j=0,k;
    
    char ch;
    
    char token;
    
    for(i=0;i<79;i++)
    
    post_fix[i]=' ';
    
    push1('?');
    
    i=0;
    
    token=infix[i];
    
    while(token!=")
    
    {
        
        if(isalnum(token))
        
        {
            
            post_fix[j]=token;
            
            j++;
            
        }
        
        else if(token=='(')
        
        {
            
            push1('(');
            
        }
        
        else if(token==')')
        
        {
            
            while(stack1[top1]!='(')
            
            {
                
                ch=pop1();
                
                post_fix[j]=ch;
                
                j++;
                
            }
            
            ch=pop1();
            
        }
        
        else
        
        {
            
            while(ISPriority(stack1[top1])>=ICP(token))
            
            {
                
                ch=pop1();
                
                post_fix[j]=ch;
                
                j++;
                
            }
            
            push1(token);
            
        }
        
        i++;
        
        token=infix[i];
        
    }
    
    while(top1!=0)
    
    {
        
        ch=pop1();
        
        post_fix[j]=ch;
        
        j++;
        
    }
    
    post_fix[j]=";
    
}

/*Determining the priority of elements that are placed inside the stack. */

int ISPriority(char token)

{
    
    switch(token)
    
    {
        
        case '(':return (0);
        
        case ')':return (9);
        
        case '+':return (7);
        
        case '-':return (7);
        
        case '*':return (8);
        
        case '/':return (8);
        
        case '?':return (0);
        
        default: printf("nnInvalid expression");
        
    }
    
    return 0;
    
}

/*Determining the priority of elements that are approaching towards the stack. */

int ICP(char token)

{
    
    switch(token)
    
    {
        
        case '(':return (10);
        
        case ')':return (9);
        
        case '+':return (7);
        
        case '-':return (7);
        
        case '*':return (8);
        
        case '/':return (8);
        
        case ":return (0);
        
        default: printf("nnInvalid expression");
        
    }
    
    return 0;
    
}

/*Calculating the result of expression, which is converted in postfix notation. */

float eval(char p[], float x1)

{
    
    float t1,t2,k,r;
    
    int i=0,l;
    
    l=strlen(p);
    
    while(i<l)
    
    {
        
        if(p[i]==’x')
        
        push(x1);
        
        else
        
        if(isdigit(p[i]))
        
        {
            
            k=p[i]-'0′;
            
            push(k);
            
        }
        
        else
        
        {
            
            t1=pop();
            
            t2=pop();
            
            switch(p[i])
            
            {
                
                case '+':k=t2+t1;
                
                break;
                
                case '-':k=t2-t1;
                
                break;
                
                case '*':k=t2*t1;
                
                break;
                
                case '/':k=t2/t1;
                
                break;
                
                default: printf("ntInvalid expression");
                
            }
            
            push(k);
            
        }
        
        i++;
        
    }
    
    if(top>0)
    
    {
        
        printf("You have entered the operands more than the operatorsnn");
        
        exit(0);
        
    }
    
    else
    
    {
        
        r=pop();
        
        return (r);
        
    }
    
    return 0;
    
}

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K & R C Chapter 2 Exercise Solutions

Posted on March 31, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

We have already provided solutions to all the exercises in the book “C Programming Language (2nd Edition)“ popularly known as K & R C book.

In this blog post I will give links to all the exercises from Chapter 2 of the book for easy reference.

Chapter 2: Types, Operators and Expressions

Exercise 2-1.Write a program to determine the ranges of char , short , int , and long variables, both signed and unsigned , by printing appropriate values from standard headers and by direct computation. Harder if you compute them: determine the ranges of the various floating-point types.
Solution to Exercise 2-1.

Exercise 2-2.Write a loop equivalent to the for loop above without using && or || .
Solution to Exercise 2-2.

Exercise 2-3.Write the function htoi(s) , which converts a string of hexadecimal digits (including an optional 0x or 0X) into its equivalent integer value. The allowable digits are 0 through 9, a through f, and A through F .
Solution to Exercise 2-3.

Exercise 2-4.Write an alternate version of squeeze(s1,s2) that deletes each character in the string s1 that matches any character in the string s2 .
Solution to Exercise 2-4.

Exercise 2-5.Write the function any(s1,s2) , which returns the first location in the string s1 where any character from the string s2 occurs, or -1 if s1 contains no characters from s2 . (The standard library function strpbrk does the same job but returns a pointer to the location.)
Solution to Exercise 2-5.

Exercise 2-6.Write a function setbits(x,p,n,y) that returns x with the n bits that begin at position p set to the rightmost n bits of y, leaving the other bits unchanged.
Solution to Exercise 2-6.

Exercise 2-7.Write a function invert(x,p,n) that returns x with the n bits that begin at position p inverted (i.e., 1 changed into 0 and vice versa), leaving the others unchanged.
Solution to Exercise 2-7.

Exercise 2-8.Write a function rightrot(x,n) that returns the value of the integer x rotated to the right by n bit positions.
Solution to Exercise 2-8.

Exercise 2-9.In a two’s complement number system, x &= (x-1) deletes the rightmost 1-bit in x . Explain why. Use this observation to write a faster version of bitcount .
Solution to Exercise 2-9.

Exercise 2-10.Rewrite the function lower, which converts upper case letters to lower case, with a conditional expression instead of if-else .
Solution to Exercise 2-10.

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C Program to demonstrate how the escape characters work.

Posted on March 20, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

C Program to demonstrate how the escape characters work.Escape character is the single character, and it is compiled as the character constant.
Escape characters are used to solve the c format problems.
An escape sequence is denoted by using the backslash () as an escape character, followed by a single character indicating the nonprintable character desired.
Read more about C Programming Language .

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

   #include <stdio.h>
   #include <conio.h>
   main()
    {
      clrscr();
      printf("Escape operators");

      printf("Example program to show the escape characters:nn");
      printf("t here is tab");
      printf("n Here starts new line");
      getch();
    }

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C Program to find the position of a sub string.

Posted on March 20, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

C Strings:
C Program to find the position of a sub string in a given string.
In this program, We find the position of a sub string where it starts in the main string. Read more about C Programming Language .

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
main()
  {
    char firststr[30], substr[10];
    char *secondstr, *thirdstr;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter any string");
    scanf("%s",firststr); 
    printf("Enter sub string");
    scanf("%s",substr); 
    secondstr=firststr;
    thirdstr=substr;
    i=substr(secondstr, thirdstr);
    printf("nn");
    if(i!=-1)
      printf("The starting location/position of substring in main string: %d", i;
    else
       printf("String not found");
       getch();
   } 
  

  int substr(secondstr, thirdstr)
    
{
  char *secondstr, *thirdstr;

  int j=0,l=0;
  static int k;
    if(*second==*third)
      {
        while(i<strlen(third))
         {
           if(*second==*third)
           k=j+1;
           else
             k+=1;
             l++;
          }
  third++;
  second++;
   }
 second++;
 j++;

if(k!=0)
  return(k);
else
return(-1);
}

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C program to Demonstrate the Recursive function.

Posted on March 16, 2012 by Sandeepa Nadahalli

Write a C program to demonstrate the recursive function.
Recursion is the programming technique that a process invoking itself again and again. In this program, We reverse the given number and checks it is a palindrome or not. Read more about C Programming Language .

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main(){
 clrscr();
 int num,num1,rev;
 printf("nEnter a number :n");
 scanf("%d",&num);
 num1=num;
 //call recursive function
 rev=reverse(num);

 printf("nAfter reverse the number is :n%d",rev);
 if(num1==rev){
  printf("nnNumber  %d is Palindromen",num1);
 }else
 {
  printf("nnNumber  %d is NOT a Palindromen",num1);
 }

 return 0;
}
int sum=0,r;
reverse(int num){
 if(num){
  r=num%10;
  sum=sum*10+r;
  reverse(num/10);
 }
 else
  return sum;
 return sum;
}

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