c examples

C Program to toss a coin using random function.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a c program to toss a coin using random function.
In this Program,We use the rand()%2 function that will compute random integers 0 or 1.
Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition). by K and R. 

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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
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*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void) {
    int toss = 0;
    int call = 0;
    srand(time(NULL));
    
    toss = rand() % 2;
    
    printf("Say head or tail! press 0 for head and 1 for tail:nn");
    scanf("%d", &call);
    if(call==0 || call==1)
    {
        if(toss == call)
        {
            if(toss==1)
            printf("You called it correctly ... it is tailn");
            else
            printf("You called it correctly ... it is headn");
        }
        else
        {
            if(toss==1)
            printf("No way ...it is head !n");
            else
            printf("No way ... it is tail!n");
        }
    }
    else
    printf("Invalid call!!!!!nn");
    return 0;
}
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C program to demonstrate assert macro.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C program to demonstrate assert macro.
assert macro defined in assert.h library. assert is mainly used for debugging. assert function checks the conditions at run time, and program executes only if the assert is true otherwise program aborts and shows the error message.
Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition). by K and R. 

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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
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* and browse!
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*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
    int num1, num2;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter two numbers:nn");
    scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);
    assert(num2 != 0);
    printf("%d/%d = %.2fn", num1, num2, num1/(float)num2);
    return 0;
}
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C program to implement SJF algorithm.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C program to implement SJF algorithm.
Shortest Job First(SJF) is the CPU scheduling algorithm. In SJF, if the CPU is available it allocates the process which has smallest burst time, if the two process are same burst time it uses FCFS algorithm.Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) by K and R. 

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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
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* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
    int i,j,n,brust_time[10],start_time[10],end_time[10],wait_time[10],temp,tot;
    float avg;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter the No. of jobs:nn");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        printf("n n Enter %d process burst time:n",i);
        scanf("%d",&brust_time[i]);
    }
    
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
        {
            if(brust_time[i]>brust_time[j])
            {
                temp=brust_time[i];
                brust_time[i]=brust_time[j];
                brust_time[j]=temp;
            }
        }
        
        if(i==1)
        {
            start_time[1]=0;
            end_time[1]=brust_time[1];
            wait_time[1]=0;
        }
        
        else
        {
            start_time[i]=end_time[i-1];
            end_time[i]=start_time[i]+brust_time[i];
            wait_time[i]=start_time[i];
        }
    }
    printf("nn BURST TIME t STARTING TIME t END TIME t   WAIT TIMEn");
    printf("n ********************************************************n");
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        printf("n %5d %15d %15d %15d",brust_time[i],start_time[i],end_time[i],wait_time[i]);
    }
    printf("n ********************************************************n");
    for(i=1,tot=0;i<=n;i++)
    tot+=wait_time[i];
    avg=(float)tot/n;
    printf("nnn AVERAGE WAITING TIME=%f",avg);
    for(i=1,tot=0;i<=n;i++)
    tot+=end_time[i];
    avg=(float)tot/n;
    printf("nn AVERAGE TURNAROUND TIME=%f",avg);
    for(i=1,tot=0;i<=n;i++)
    tot+=start_time[i];
    avg=(float)tot/n;
    printf("nn AVERAGE RESPONSE TIME=%fnn",avg);
    getch();
}
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C Program to implement FCFS algorithm.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C Program to implement FCFS algorithm.
First Come First Served(FCFS) algorithm is the CPU scheduling algorithm. In FCFS process is served when they are arrived in order, i.e First In First Out(FIFO). FCFS is the simple scheduling algorithm, but it takes typically long/varying waiting time.
Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) by K and R. 

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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
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* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
    int n,i,j,sum=0;
    int arrv[10],ser[10],start[10];
    int finish[10],wait[10],turn[10];
    float avgturn=0.0,avgwait=0.0;
    start[0]=0;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter the number of processes:");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        printf("Enter the arriwal and service time of %d process:",i+1);
        scanf("%d%d",&arrv[i],&ser[i]);
    }
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        sum=0;
        for(j=0;j<i;j++)
        sum=sum+ser[j];
        start[i]=sum;
    }
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        finish[i]=ser[i]+start[i];
        wait[i]=start[i];
        turn[i]=ser[i]+wait[i];
    }
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        avgwait+=wait[i];
        avgturn+=turn[i];
    }
    avgwait/=n;
    avgturn/=n;
    printf("narraival service Start Finish Wait Turnn");
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    printf("%dt%dt%dt%dt%dt%dn",arrv[i],ser[i],start[i],
    finish[i],wait[i],turn[i]);
    printf("nAverage waiting time=%f",avgwait);
    printf("nAverage turn around time=%f",avgturn);
    getch();
}
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K & R C Chapter 4 Exercise Solutions.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli

We have already provided solutions to all the exercises in the book “C Programming Language (2nd Edition)“ popularly known as K & R C book.

In this blog post I will give links to all the exercises from Chapter 4 of the book for easy reference.

Chapter 4: Functions and Program Structure
    1. Exercise 4-1. Write the function strrindex(s,t) , which returns the position of the rightmost occurrence of t in s , or -1 if there is none.
      Solution to Exercise 4-1.
    1. Exercise 4-2.Extend atof to handle scientific notation of the form 123.45e-6 where a floating-point number may be followed by e or E and an optionally signed exponent.
      Solution to Exercise 4-2.
    1. Exercise 4-3.Given the basic framework, it’s straightforward to extend the calculator. Add the modulus ( % ) operator and provisions for negative numbers.
      Solution to Exercise 4-3.
    1. Exercise 4-4. Add commands to print the top element of the stack without popping, to duplicate it, and to swap the top two elements. Add a command to clear the stack.
      Solution to Exercise 4-4.
    1. Exercise 4-5. Add access to library functions like sin , exp , and pow . See <math.h> in Appendix B, Section 4.
      Solution to Exercise 4-5.
    1. Exercise 4-6. Add commands for handling variables. (It’s easy to provide twenty-six variables with single-letter names.) Add a variable for the most recently printed value.
      Solution to Exercise 4-6.
    2. Exercise 4-7. Write a routine ungets(s) that will push back an entire string onto the input. Should ungets know about buf and bufp , or should it just use ungetch ?
      Solution to Exercise 4-7.
    1. Exercise 4-8.Suppose that there will never be more than one character of pushback. Modify getch and ungetch accordingly.
      Solution to Exercise 4-8.
    1. Exercise 4-9.Our getch and ungetch do not handle a pushed-back EOF correctly. Decide what their properties ought to be if an EOF is pushed back, then implement your design
      Solution to Exercise 4-9.
    1. Exercise 4-10. An alternate organization uses getline to read an entire input line; this makes getch and ungetch unnecessary. Revise the calculator to use this approach.
      Solution to Exercise 4-10.
    1. Exercise 4-11. Modify getop so that it doesn’t need to use ungetch. Hint: use an internal static variable.
      Solution to Exercise 4-11.
    1. Exercise 4-12. Adapt the ideas of printd to write a recursive version of itoa ; that is, convert an integer into a string by calling a recursive routine.
      Solution to Exercise 4-12.
    1. Exercise 4-13. Write a recursive version of the function reverse(s) , which reverses the string s in place.
      Solution to Exercise 4-13.
  1. Exercise 4-14. Define a macro swap(t,x,y) that interchanges two arguments of type t . (Block structure will help.)
    Solution to Exercise 4-14.
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C Program to solve equations using Jordan elimination method.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C Program to solve equations using Jordan elimination method.
Gauss-Jordan elimination method is used to solve the linear equations. In this method, We find the inverse matrix of the coefficients of equations by elementary row operations. Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) by K and R. 

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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
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* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void solution( int a[][], int var );
int main()
{
    
    int a[ 20 ][ 20 ], var, i, j, k, l;
    clrcsr();
    printf( "nEnter the number of variables:n" );
    scanf( "%d", &var );
    
    for ( i = 0;i < var;i++ )
    {
        printf( "nEnter the equation%d:n", i + 1 );
        
        for ( j = 0;j < var;j++ )
        {
            printf( "Enter the coefficient of  x%d:n", j + 1 );
            scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ j ] );
        }
        
        printf( "nEnter the constant:n" );
        scanf( "%d", &a[ i ][ n ] );
    }
    
    solution( a, var );
    return 0;
}



void solution( int a[ 20 ][ 20 ], int var )
{
    int k, i, l, j;
    
    for ( k = 0;k < var;k++ )
    {
        for ( i = 0;i <= var;i++ )
        {
            l = a[ i ][ k ];
            
            for ( j = 0;j <= var;j++ )
            {
                if ( i != k )
                a[ i ][ j ] = a[ k ][ k ] * a[ i ][ j ] – l * a[ k ][ j ];
            }
        }
    }
    
    printf( "nSolutions:" );
    
    for ( i = 0;i < n;i++ )
    {
        printf( "nTHE VALUE OF x%d IS %fn", i + 1, ( float ) a[ i ][ n ] / ( float ) a[ i ][ i ] );
    }
    
}
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C Program to lock file using semaphores.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C Program to lock file using semaphores.
Using semaphores, We can control access to files, shared memory and other things. The basic functionality of a semaphore is that you can either set it, check it, or wait until it clears then set it (“test-n-set”). In C semaphores functions defined in the sys/sem library. Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) by K and R. 

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* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
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* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#define MAXBUF 100
#define KEY 1216
#define SEQFILE "seq_file"
int semid,fd;
void my_lock(int);
void my_unlock(int);
union semnum
{
    int val;
    struct semid_ds *buf;
    short *array;
}arg;
int main()
{
    int child, i,n, pid, seqno;
    char buff[MAXBUF+1];
    pid=getpid();
    if((semid=semget(KEY, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0666))= = -1)
    {
        perror("semget");
        exit(1);
    }
    arg.val=1;
    if(semctl(semid,0,SETVAL,arg)<0)
    perror("semctl");
    if((fd=open(SEQFILE,2))<0)
    {
        perror("open");
        exit(1);
    }
    pid=getpid();
    for(i=0;i<2;i++)
    {
        my_lock(fd);
        lseek(fd,01,0);
        if((n=read(fd,buff,MAXBUF))<0)
        {
            perror("read");
            exit(1);
        }
        printf("pid:%d, Seq no:%dn", pid, seqno);
        seqno++;
        sprintf(buff,"%dn", seqno);
        n=strlen(buff);
        lseek(fd,01,0);
        if(write(fd,buff,n)!=n)
        {
            perror("write");
            exit(1);
        }
        sleep(1);
        my_unlock(fd);
    }
}
void my_lock(int fd)
{
    struct sembuff sbuf=(0, -1, 0);
    if(semop(semid, &sbuf, 1)= =0)
    printf("Locking: Resource…n");
    else
    printf("Error in Lockn");
}
void my_unlock(int fd)
{
    struct sembuff sbuf=(0, 1, 0);
    if(semop(semid, &sbuf, 1)= =0)
    printf("UnLocking: Resource…n");
    else
    printf("Error in Unlockn");
} 
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K & R C Chapter 3 Exercise Solutions

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
We have already provided solutions to all the exercises in the book “C Programming Language (2nd Edition)“ popularly known as K & R C book.

In this blog post I will give links to all the exercises from Chapter 3 of the book for easy reference.

Chapter 3: Control Flow

  1. Exercise 3-1. Our binary search makes two tests inside the loop, when one would suffice (at the price of more tests outside). Write a version with only one test inside the loop and measure the difference in run-time.
    Solution to Exercise 3-1.

  2. Exercise 3-2.Write a function escape(s,t) that converts characters like newline and tab into visible escape sequences like n and t as it copies the string t to s . Use a switch . Write a function for the other direction as well, converting escape sequences into the real characters.
    Solution to Exercise 3-2.

  3. Exercise 3-3.Write a function expand(s1,s2) that expands shorthand notations like a-z in the string s1 into the equivalent complete list abc…xyz in s2 . Allow for letters of either case and digits, and be prepared to handle cases like a-b-c and a-z0-9 and -a-z . Arrange that a leading or trailing – is taken literally.
    Solution to Exercise 3-3.

  4. Exercise 3-4.In a two’s complement number representation, our version of itoa does not handle the largest negative number, that is, the value of n equal to -(2 to the power (wordsize – 1)) . Explain why not. Modify it to print that value correctly regardless of the machine on which it runs.
    Solution to Exercise 3-4.

  5. Exercise 3-5. Write the function itob(n,s,b) that converts the integer n into a base b character representation in the string s . In particular, itob(n,s,16) formats n as a hexadecimal integer in s
    Solution to Exercise 3-5.

  6. Exercise 3-6. Write a version of itoa that accepts three arguments instead of two. The third argument is a minimum field width; the converted number must be padded with blanks on the left if necessary to make it wide enough.
    Solution to Exercise 3-6.
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C Program to delete vowels in a string.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
C Strings:
Write a C Program to delete a vowel in a given string.
In this program, We use the pointers to position the characters.check_vowel() function checks the character is vowel or not, if the character is vowel it returns true else false.
Example output:Given string: Check vowel
Output is: Chck vwl
Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition). by K and R.

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* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

int check_vowel(char);

main()
{
    char string[100], *temp, *pointer, ch, *start;
    csrcscr();
    printf("nnEnter a stringn");
    scanf("%s",string);
    temp = string;
    pointer = (char*)malloc(100);
    
    if( pointer == NULL )
    {
        printf("Unable to allocate memory.n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    start = pointer;
    
    while(*temp)
    {
        ch = *temp;
        
        if ( !check_vowel(ch) )
        {
            *pointer = ch;
            pointer++;
        }
        temp++;
    }
    *pointer = '';
    
    pointer = start;
    strcpy(string, pointer); /* If you wish to convert original string */
    free(pointer);
    
    printf("String after removing vowels is "%s"n", string);
    
    return 0;
}

int check_vowel(char a)
{
    if ( a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z' )
    a = a + 'a' - 'A';
    
    if ( a == 'a' || a == 'e' || a == 'i' || a == 'o' || a == 'u')
    return TRUE;
    
    return FALSE;
}
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C Program to delete a file.

Posted on by Sandeepa Nadahalli
Write a C Program to delete a file.
To delete a file in c, We use the remove macro, which is defined in stdio.h. remove macro takes filename with extension as its argument and deletes the file, if it is in the directory and returns the zero, if deleted successfully.
Note that deleted file does not goes to the recycle bin, it is going to delete permanently.
Read more about C Programming Language . and read the C Programming Language (2nd Edition). by K and R.

/***********************************************************
* You can use all the programs on  www.c-program-example.com
* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
* contact [email protected]
* To find more C programs, do visit www.c-program-example.com
* and browse!
* 
*                      Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
main()
{
    FILE *fp;
    char filename[20];
    int status;
    clrscr();
    printf("nEnter the file name:nn");
    scanf("%s",filename);
    
    fp = fopen(filename, r);
    
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error:  file not found! check the directory!!nn");
        exit(0);
    }
    fclose(fp);
    status = remove(file_name);
    
    if( status == 0 )
    printf("%s file deleted successfully.n",file_name);
    else
    {
        printf("Unable to delete the filen");
        perror("Error");
    }
    
    return 0;
}
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