K & R C Programs Exercise 2-9.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-9:
K and R C Programs Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language (2nd Edition)You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise.
In C two complement number system, x &= (x-1) deletes the rightmost one bit in x.
We take (x-1) and add 1 to it to produce x. The rightmost 0-bit of x-1 changes to 1 in the result x. Therefore, the rightmost 1-bit of x has a corresponding 0-bit in x-1. This is why x & (x-1), in a two’s complement number system, will delete the rightmost 1-bit in x. Read more about C Programming Language .

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int bitcount(unsigned x)
{
int b;
for(b = 0;x != 0;x &= x-1)
++b;
return b;
}
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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-8.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-8:
 K and R C Programs Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise.
C Program that returns the value of the integer x rotated to the right by n bit positions. Read more about C Programming Language .

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unsigned rightroot(unsigned x, int n)
{
int wordlength(void);
int rbit; //rightmost bit

while(n-->0){
rbit=(x & 1)<<(wordlength()-1);
x=x>>1;
x=x|rbit;
}
return x;
//word length computes the wor lengt of machine
int wordlength()
{
int i;
unsigned v = (unsigned~0;
for(i = 1;(v = v >> 1) > 0;i++)
;
return i;
}
//main function to test the program,, you can try in different ways!
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
unsigned x;
int n;

for(x = 0; x < 200; x += 25)
for(n = 1; n < 8; n++)
printf("%u, %d: %un", x, n, rightrot(x, n));
return 0;
}

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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-7.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-7:
 K and R C Programs Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise.
C function invert(x, p, n) that returns x with the n bits that begin at position p inverted(i.e, 1 changed into 0 and vice versa), leaving the others unchanged.Read more about C Programming Language .

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*
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***********************************************************/

unsigned invert(unsigned x, int p, int n)
{
return x ^ (~(~0U << n) << p);
}

/* Program for testing */

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
unsigned x;
int p, n;

for(x = 0; x < 500; x += 49)
for(n = 1; n < 8; n++)
for(p = 1; p < 8; p++)
printf("%u, %d, %d: %un", x, n, p, invert(x, n, p));
return 0;
}

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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-6.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-6:
 K and R C Programs Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language (2nd Edition) You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise.
C Function setbits(x, p, n, y) that returns x with the n bits that begin at position p set to the rightmost n bits of y, leaving the other bits unchanged.Read more about C Programming Language .

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* programs for commercial purposes,
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*
* Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>

unsigned setbits(unsigned x, int p, int n, unsigned y)
{
return (x & ((~0 << (p + 1)) | (~(~0 << (p + 1 - n))))) | ((y & ~(~0 << n)) << (p + 1 - n));
}

int main(void)
{
unsigned i;
unsigned j;
unsigned k;
int p;
int n;

for(i = 0; i < 30000; i += 511)
{
for(j = 0; j < 1000; j += 37)
{
for(p = 0; p < 16; p++)
{
for(n = 1; n <= p + 1; n++)
{
k = setbits(i, p, n, j);
printf("setbits(%u, %d, %d, %u) = %un", i, p, n, j, k);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}

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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-5.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-5:
 K and R C Programs Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language, second addition, by Brian W.Keringhan and Dennis M.Ritchie(Prentice Hall,1988). You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise.
Write the C function any(s1, s2), which returns the first location in the string s1 where any character from the string s2 occurs, or -1 if s1 contains no characters from s2.The standard library function strpbrk does the same job but returns a pointer to the location.Read more about C Programming Language .

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int any(char s1[], chars2[])
{
int i, j;
for(i=0;s1[i]!='';i++)

for(j=0;s2[[j]!='' ;j++)

if(s1[i]==s2[j])
return i;

return -1;
}
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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-4.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-4:
 K and R C Programs Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language, second addition, by Brian W.Keringhan and Dennis M.Ritchie(Prentice Hall,1988). You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise.
Write an alternate version of squeeze(s1,s2) that deletes each character in s1 that matches any character in the string s2.
Compare ,First string with the second string, if any character matched,  delete the matched character of the first string. Read more about C Programming Language .

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/*squeeze: delete each char in s1 which is in s2*/
void squeeze(char s1[], chars2[])
{
int i, j, k;
for(i=k=0;s1[i]!='';i++)
{
for(j=0;s2[[j]!='' && s2[j]!=s1[i];j++)
;
if(s2[j]=='')
s1[k++]=s1[i];
}
s1[k]='';
}
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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-3.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-3:
C Function htoi() which converts a string of hexa decimal digits into its equivalent integer value. K and R C Program. Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language, second addition, by Brian W.Keringhan and Dennis M.Ritchie(Prentice Hall,1988). You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise. Read more about C Programming Language .

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***********************************************************/

#define YES 1
#define NO 0
//HTOI: CONVERT HEXADECIMAL STRING S TO INTEGER
int htoi(char s[])
{
int hexdigit, i, inhex, n,i=0;
if(s[i]=='0'){
++i;
if(s[i]=='x' || s[i]=='x')
++i;
}
n=0;
inhex=YES;
for(;inhex==YES;++i){
if(s[i]>='0' && s[i]<='9')
hexdigit=s[i]-'0';
else if(s[i]>='a' && s[i]<='f')
hexdigit=s[i]-'a'+10;
else if (s[i]>='A' && s[i]<='F')
hexdigit=s[i]-'A'+10;
else
inhex=NO;
if(inhex==YES)
n=16*n+hexdigit;
}
return n;
}


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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-2.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-2:
C Program to demonstrate for and while loops. K and R C Program. Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language, second addition, by Brian W.Keringhan and Dennis M.Ritchie(Prentice Hall,1988). You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise. Read more about C Programming Language .

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***********************************************************/

/*Write the equivalent to the below for loop without using && or ||.*/

// Original

for(i=0; i<lim-1 && (c=getchar()) != 'n' && c != EOF; ++i)
{
s[i] = c;
}
// Equivalent:


while (i < (lim - 1))
{
c = getchar();

if (c == EOF)
break;
else if (c == 'n')
break;

s[i++] = c;
}

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K & R C Programs Exercise 2-1.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 2-1:
C program to determine the ranges of char, short, int and long variables, both signed and unsigned, by printing appropriate values from standard headers and by direct computation.the ANSIstandard for C specifies that ranges be defined in <limits.h>. K and R C Program. Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language, second addition, by Brian W.Keringhan and Dennis M.Ritchie(Prentice Hall,1988). You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise. Read more about C Programming Language .

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*
* Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

int
main ()
{
printf("Range of Char %dn", CHAR_BIT);
printf("Range of Char Max %dn", CHAR_MAX);
printf("Range of Char Min %dn", CHAR_MIN);
printf("Range of int min %dn", INT_MIN);
printf("Range of int max %dn", INT_MAX);
printf("Range of long min %ldn", LONG_MIN);
printf("Range of long max %ldn", LONG_MAX);
printf("Range of short min %dn", SHRT_MIN);
printf("Range of short max %dn", SHRT_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned char %un", UCHAR_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned long %lun", ULONG_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned int %un", UINT_MAX);
printf("Range of unsigned short %un", USHRT_MAX);

return 0;
}

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K & R C Programs Exercise 1-24.

K and R C, Solution to Exercise 1-24:
C program for rudimentary syntax errors like unbalanced parentheses, brackets,quotes,and braces. This program is hard if we do it in full generality. K and R C Program Exercises provides the solution to all the exercises in the C Programming Language, second addition, by Brian W.Keringhan and Dennis M.Ritchie(Prentice Hall,1988). You can learn and solve K&R C Programs Exercise. Read more about C Programming Language .

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* for personal and learning purposes. For permissions to use the
* programs for commercial purposes,
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* and browse!
*
* Happy Coding
***********************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAXLINE 1000 /* max input line size */
char line[MAXLINE]; /*current input line*/

int getline(void); /* taken from the KnR book. */

int main() {
int len = 0;
int t = 0;
int brace = 0, parenthesis = 0, brack = 0;
int s_quote = 1, d_quote = 1;

while ((len = getline()) > 0) {
t = 0;
while (t < len) {
if (line[t] == '{') {
brace++;
}
if (line[t] == '}') {
brace--;
}
if (line[t] == '[') {
brack++;
}
if (line[t] == ']') {
brack--;
}
if (line[t] == '(') {
parenthesis++;
}
if (line[t] == ')') {
parenthesis--;
}
if (line[t] == ''') {
s_quote *= -1;
}
if (line[t] == '"') {
d_quote *= -1;
}
t++;
}
}
if (d_quote != 1)
printf("Mismatching double quote markn");
if (s_quote != 1)
printf("Mismatching single quote markn");
if (parenthesis != 0)
printf("Mismatching parenthesisn");
if (brace != 0)
printf("Mismatching bracesn");
if (brack != 0)
printf("Mismatching bracket markn");
if (brack == 0 && brace == 0 && parenthesis == 0 && s_quote == 1 && d_quote
== 1)
printf("Syntax appears to be correct.n");
return 0;
}

/* getline function */
int getline(void) {
int c, i;
extern char line[];

for (i = 0; i < MAXLINE - 1 && (c = getchar()) != EOF && c != 'n'; ++i)
line[i] = c;
if (c == 'n') {
line[i] = c;
++i;
}
line[i] = '';
return i;

}

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