Heap Sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm that uses a binary heap data structure. Its standout property: it is guaranteed O(n log n) in all cases — best, average, and worst — while using only O(1) extra memory. No Quick Sort worst-case surprises, no Merge Sort extra array. Key Concept — The Max-Heap A max-heap …
Quick Sort is one of the fastest and most widely used sorting algorithms. It uses a divide-and-conquer strategy: pick a pivot element, partition the array so everything smaller than the pivot is on its left and everything larger is on its right, then recursively sort each side. The pivot ends up in its final sorted …
A priority queue is a data structure where each element is served according to its priority rather than just the order it arrived. A multiple priority queue implements this with several separate queues — one per priority level — so that higher-priority items are always removed before lower-priority ones. This C program builds a simple …