The subset sum problem asks: given a set of integers and a target sum, find all subsets of the set whose elements add up to the target. It is a classic application of backtracking — a systematic method that builds candidates incrementally and abandons a partial candidate (“prunes”) as soon as it determines the candidate …
Depth First Search (DFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Starting from a source node, it follows one path all the way to a dead end, then backtracks and tries the next unvisited neighbor. DFS uses a stack — either an explicit one or the …
Breadth First Search (BFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that explores nodes level by level — starting from a source, it visits all immediate neighbors first, then their neighbors, and so on. Because of this level-by-level behavior, BFS always finds the shortest path in an unweighted graph. It is used in GPS navigation, social network …
Dijkstra’s algorithm finds the shortest path from one source vertex to all other vertices in a weighted graph with non-negative edge weights. It is a greedy algorithm: at each step it picks the unvisited vertex with the smallest known distance, marks it done, and relaxes its neighbours — updating any neighbour’s distance if a shorter …
The 0-1 knapsack problem asks: given a set of items each with a weight and a value, and a knapsack with a maximum weight capacity, which items should you pack to maximize the total value? Each item can be taken once (0-1) — you cannot take a fraction. This is a classic dynamic programming problem …
C Program to count number of characters in the file. In this program you can learn c file operations. Here we counting the characters by reading the characters in the file one by one and if read character was not an ‘n’ ,’t’ or EOF, it increments the counter by one. Read more about C …